In the Cusco region lies a little-known archaeological gem in the shape of horns, Waqrapukara. Built more than half a millennium ago, this pre-Incan structure is now revealed to explore its enigmas and natural landscapes. Waqrapukara is located in Cusco in the province of Acomayo, more than 4,300 meters above sea level. This fortress offers a less crowded experience for travelers looking to get off the traditional tourist trails.
The origin of Waqrapukara dates back to the Qanchi culture, a pre-Incan civilization that inhabited the central Andes.
During the government of the Inca Huayna Capac, Tito Cosñipa (leader of the Canchis) led a rebellion against the Incas of Cusco and after losing the battle, Tito Cosñipa and his army took refuge inside Waqrapukara.
Tito Cosñipa, instead of being punished by the Incas, was granted a ñusta to marry and was incorporated into the Inca army, along with his warriors (M’oto Canchis) whose ears were cut off after the rebellion.
Before being conquered, it fulfilled its role as a religious and strategic center, but under Inca rule, Waqrapukara acquired the role of a ceremonial center and astronomical observatory.
Its architecture is a mixture of Qanchi and Inca techniques. It is believed that the fortress was dedicated to the cult of Wiracocha, one of the most important deities in the Andean worldview.
This Andean sanctuary is located between the Apurímac River and the Pomacanchi Lagoon. It is believed that the emblem animal was the puma and the shape of this sanctuary represents the head of one or a llama according to the cave paintings left by the ancient inhabitants.
For ancient cultures, Waqrapukara was a sacred space. The ceremonies performed in this place included offerings to the earth and to the deities. The Incas saw Waqrapukara as a site of great spiritual power. It is mentioned that their ceremonies were mainly dedicated to Wiracocha.
Its peculiar horned shape increased the sacredness of the site, due to its connection with strength and power.
Waqrapukara comes from Quechua, where “waqra” means “horn” and “pukara” translates as “fortress”, referring to the peculiar shape of the rocky peaks surrounding the main structure that simulate horns.
Its geological location is part of its visual appeal. The fortress is built on a rocky outcrop formed over millions of years. The cliffs and canyons surrounding the site are the result of erosion caused by the Apurímac River, which flows at the bottom of the valley.
This adventure starts from the city of Cusco very early in the morning (3:00 to 3:30). You will have a 2-hour drive to the town of Cusipata and 2 more hours to reach the town of Santa Lucia. Here you will begin your 9km walk to Waqrapukara.
The weather at many tourist sites in Cusco can be unpredictable, so you need to be prepared for any situation. Here are some things you can bring:
• Layered clothing: To adapt to the cold in the morning and afternoon, and the heat of midday.
• Sun protection: Sunglasses, a hat, and sunscreen are essential, as UV radiation is more intense at these altitudes.
• Hiking boots: The terrain can be uneven and rocky, so good footwear is a must.
• Snacks and water: There are not many options to buy food or drinks along the way, so bring enough supplies.
• Raincoat: Even if it is not the rainy season, it is always good to be prepared.
The weather varies depending on the season, but Waqrapukara is generally characterized by being a cold place, especially at night. During the day the weather can be quite pleasant, but keep in mind that it is very common to experience changes in the weather. The best time to visit Cusco in general is between May and September, which is considered the dry season.
In addition to exploring the incredible ruins of the place, it offers a unique spiritual experience. There are agencies that offer camping tours in the surroundings and thus enjoy the sunrise or sunset.
If you like photography and sharing your experiences on social networks, the panoramic views it offers are incredible. You can take advantage of bird watching, since this region is home to several Andean species.
This hike to Waqrapukara is not extremely difficult, but a moderate level of fitness is suggested.
Acclimatization: If you are not used to the altitude, it is recommended that you acclimatize in the city of Cusco for at least 2 days.
Guided or unguided: You can do the tour on your own, however, it is recommended to hire a guide, as they know the area better and can help you in case of any setback.
No, access to this site is currently free, although you may encounter local residents who charge a small fee for access to this route.
It is not mandatory, but it is recommended to have a more comfortable and safe trip, improving your experience especially if you are not familiar with the area.
Yes, it is possible to camp in the surrounding area and enjoy the natural beauty of the place at sunrise or sunset.
The best season to travel and visit many of the tourist sites in Cusco is between May and September, due to its favorable weather conditions for trekking.
Waqrapukara is a destination that combines adventure, history and dreamlike landscapes. Far from the crowds of other more well-known sites such as Machu Picchu, this fortress is perfect for those looking for a quieter and more authentic experience in Cusco. Whether you decide to explore on your own or with a guide.
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