Lesser-Known Historical Sites in Cusco: Hidden Gems of the Imperial Region

Places like Machu Picchu or Rainbow Mountain are the first ones that come to mind when discussing Cusco. Their spectacular appeal has made them one of Peru’s most visited and famous sites. However, this beautiful city has other fascinating attractions. In this blog, we will explore Tipon, Pikilacta, and Killarumiyoq.

  1. Tipón: The Wonder of Inca Hydraulic Engineering

It is unknown whether this archaeological site was a royal garden or a ceremonial center dedicated to water that draws the attention of its visitors for its design, functionality, and connection. This masterpiece of Inca hydraulic engineering is located 25 km southeast of Cusco. It is the ideal opportunity to learn more about the technological and spiritual advances of the Incas.

What Makes Tipon Special?

Tipón is a clear example of Inca ingenuity in water management. This place served for agricultural irrigation and as a sacred space where water was worshipped, a vital element in the Andean worldview.

  • Water Channels: The channels are built with perfectly cut and fitted stones. To this day, water flows steadily through these structures, which is quite impressive.
  • Agricultural Terraces: Designed to maximize land use, these terraces are irrigated by a canal system that distributes water efficiently.
  • Ceremonial fountains: Tipón has artificial fountains and waterfalls, which are believed to have been used in religious rituals.
tipon
tipon
tipon

What to see in Tipón?

  1. Agricultural terraces

Perfectly aligned, these terraces show how the Incas transformed steep terrain into productive land.

  1. The hydraulic system

The water channels, some carved directly into the rock, are a spectacle for lovers of ancient engineering.

  1. The panoramic view

From Tipón, you can enjoy impressive views of the South Valley of Cusco, surrounded by mountains and green fields.

How to get to Tipón

  1. Public transport

The place is not far from Cusco, so you can take transport to Tipon. From here, you can take a local taxi to the site.

  1. Guided tours

Many agencies in Cusco offer tours to the South Valley, including Tipón, Pikillacta, and Andahuaylillas.

  1. On my own

If you prefer to explore with time, you can hire a taxi from Cusco, which is ideal for small groups.

Tips for your visit

  • Comfortable clothing: Bring trekking shoes, light clothing, and a cold jacket.
  • Water and snacks: Although there are shops in Oropesa, it is best to be prepared.
  • Local guide: Taking this tour with someone who knows the place’s history will make your visit more interesting.
  • Schedule: Visit early in the morning to avoid crowds and enjoy the tranquility of the place.
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Fun Fact: Water as a Sacred Symbol

In the Andean worldview, water was essential and sacred, symbolizing life, purification, and connection with Pachamama (Mother Earth). In addition to being used for agriculture, the rituals for which it was used in Tipón had great spiritual significance.

 

  1. Pikillacta: The Legacy of the Wari in the South Valley of Cusco

A fascinating archaeological site from the pre-Incan period, just 30 kilometers from the city of Cusco. It was built by the Wari culture between 550 and 1100 AD; this civilization preceded the Inca Empire with its ingenuity and organization.

Why Visit Pikillacta?

Pikillacta, which means “city of fleas” in Quechua (although the original meaning is unknown), is one of the few planned cities from the pre-Inca period. Unlike the Inca settlements, Pikillacta is characterized by:

  1. Advanced urban design:

Straight streets, squares, and delimited areas show a notable degree of urban planning.

    2. Imposing walls:

Stone and mud walls up to 12 meters high protected this essential administrative and ceremonial center.

    3. Considerable extension:

It covers more than 50 hectares and is considered one of the most significant archaeological sites of the Wari culture.

    4. Views of the Huacarpay Lagoon:

Located strategically, Pikillacta offers panoramic views of this lagoon, an essential resource for agriculture and water supply.

What to see in Pikillacta

1. Rectilinear streets and buildings:

The city was laid out on a precise grid, with streets dividing buildings into blocks.

2. Residential and ceremonial areas:

Areas were identified for housing, religious, and administrative activities.

3. Walls:

The carefully assembled stone and adobe walls demonstrate the Wari’s mastery of construction and defense.

4. Huacarpay Lagoon:

Near the site, this lagoon is a bird refuge and an excellent place for those who enjoy ecotourism.

How to get to Pikillacta

Public transport:

 Take a bus from Cusco to the district of Andahuaylillas (known for its baroque church). Ask the driver to drop you off at the entrance to Pikillacta.

Guided tours:

Many agencies offer South Valley tours, including Pikillacta, Tipón, and Andahuaylillas.

Taxi or private car:

If you prefer more comfort, you can rent a taxi from Cusco.

pikilacta

Tips for your visit

Climate: The climate can vary depending on the season you visit the city of Cusco. Wear comfortable clothing, sunscreen, a hat, and water.

Water and snacks: Pikillacta does not have tourist services on site, so prepare before you arrive.

Time: Allow 1-2 hours to explore the site at your leisure.

Guide: Hiring a guide is ideal to understand the history and details of the site, as it is not as well known as others in Cusco.

Wari Culture: A Brief Introduction

One of the most influential cultures of the pre-Hispanic period was the Wari due to its territorial expansion, irrigation system, and monumental architecture. This culture was able to build organized cities and administrative centers that connected with distant regions.

Fun Fact: The Wari Influence on the Incas

The Wari disappeared before the Inca expansion; however, the Incas adapted many of their techniques in urban planning and territorial administration. Pikillacta is a bridge between both cultures, showing the knowledge that was transmitted and how it evolved in the Andes.

pikillacta
pikillacta

Killarumiyoq: The Temple of the Moon and its Andean Mysticism

This place is full of spirituality and beauty in the middle of the Cusco mountains. Its name means “Moonstone” within the Andean worldview.

Killarumiyoq is a perfect destination for travelers looking for a more intimate experience of Cusco’s history and landscapes. With its impressive rock art, ceremonial sites, and mystical aura, this site is an underexplored gem.

Why Visit Killarumiyoq?

1. The carved moonstone:

The site’s main element is a carefully carved monolith representing the moon, a sacred symbol in the Andean worldview.

2. Ceremonial rituals:

This place was used for religious ceremonies related to fertility, Pachamama (Mother Earth), and the agricultural calendar.

3. The connection with nature:

Surrounded by mountains and Andean landscapes, Killarumiyoq is ideal for those seeking tranquility and contact with nature.

4. Less tourism:

Unlike the more popular sites in Cusco, Killarumiyoq offers a quieter and more authentic experience.

What to see in Killarumiyoq

  1. The lunar monolith:

The site’s main carving represents the moon, surrounded by other figures that could symbolize lunar and agricultural cycles.

   2. Platforms and ceremonial structures:

You will find agricultural terraces and enclosures used for ceremonies and offerings to the Andean gods.

   3. Panoramic view of the valley:

From Killarumiyoq, the views of the surrounding valleys and mountains are spectacular and perfect for photographs.

   4. Channels and sources:

Like other Inca sites, Killarumiyoq has a system of canals that distributed water, probably used in rituals.

killarumiyoc
killarumiyoc
killarumiyoc

How to get to Killarumiyoq

From Cusco:

Take a bus towards the Ancahuasi district (on the route to Abancay).

From Ancahuasi, you can take a taxi or walk to the site.

Private or guided tour:

Some agencies offer customized tours that include Killarumiyoq and other nearby destinations.

On your own:

If you can access a car, you can drive from Cusco, take the road to Abancay, and turn off at Ancahuasi.

Tips for your visit

  • Comfortable clothing and footwear: The terrain can be uneven, so bring hiking shoes.
  • Water and snacks: No shops are nearby, so be prepared before you leave.
  • Respect the place: As it is a ceremonial center, avoid altering or touching the carvings.
  • Local guide: Hiring a guide can enrich your experience, as they will explain the meaning of the structures and rituals.

The Moon in the Andean Cosmology

In Andean culture, the moon, Mama Killa, protected women, agricultural cycles, and natural rhythms. Lunar worship was essential for marking calendars and organizing daily life.

The Incas and their ancestors deeply respected the moon, complementing their worship of the sun (Inti). Killarumiyoq was, without a doubt, a place where these beliefs materialized in ceremonies full of symbolism.

 

Fun Fact: Relationship with Astronomy

Killarumiyoq is not only a ceremonial site but also an astronomical observatory. Its carvings and structures’ placement align with lunar cycles, making it a key place to understand how the Andeans integrated science and spirituality.

 

Tips for Visiting These Places

  • Wear comfortable clothing and suitable footwear for hiking.
  • Don’t forget water, sunscreen, and insect repellent.
  • Hiring a local guide can enrich your experience by learning more about the history and significance of these sites.
  • Plan your visit early in the morning to avoid crowds and enjoy the tranquility.

 

Why Explore These Destinations

Although less popular, Tipón, Pikillacta, and Killarumiyoq offer a unique experience for travelers interested in learning about Cusco’s historical and cultural diversity. They are perfect for those looking for quiet places full of history and surrounded by nature.

 

Dare to get off the beaten track and discover the lesser-known Cusco! Would you like to visit any of these places? Please let us know your opinion, or tell us your favorite.

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